The Microbiome & IBD: The Basics

Definitions

• Microbiome: refers to the collection of genomes from all the microorganisms in the environment. 
• Microbiota: usually refers to microorganisms that are found within a specific environment.

What is the gut microbiome?

• Trillions of microorganisms and their genetic material living in your intestinal tract
  • That’s more than all of the stars in our galaxy!
• Composed mainly of bacteria, although also contains yeast, bacteria viruses, and parasites
• Large intestine has the largest population
• Involved in many functions critical to your health, including immune system, energy production, and all of our B vitamin production
• Quickly evolving field of study 

Early Influences on the gut microbiome

• Mother’s gut microbiota, vaginal microbiome, and even dental health 
• Initial exposure and inoculation at birth and breastfeeding
  • Example: if delivered via vaginal birth, you will be exposed to the lactobacillus species early because that species tends to be present in the vaginal canal the most
  • Example: for those born via C-section, the first exposure to a microbiome is through the skin allowing for a different set of gut bacteria 
  • Another exposure is through breastfeeding, especially within the first three days after birth where you are exposed to Increased immune factors in early breastfeeding
• We have an established microbiota by age 2-3, although there are many factors that influence the microbiome 
  • Stress
  • Medications
  • Nutrients from food – this has the largest impact 
  • Exercise
  • Aging
  • Genetics